Children with ADHD

Even though the child with ADHD often wants to be a good student, the impulsive behavior and difficulty paying attention in class frequently interferes and causes problems. Teachers, parents, and friends feel that the child is "misbehaving" or is "different", but they may not be able to tell exactly what is wrong.

All children can show inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, or hyperactivity behaviors, at times. A children with ADHD shows these behaviors more often and to a greater degree than other kids the same age and/or developmental level. ADHD occurs in 3-5% of school age children. To be considered ADHD, these symptoms must have been present before the age of seven. ADHD can continue into adulthood. ADHD runs in families, where 25% of biological parents also have ADHD (maybe undiagnosed). A child with ADHD can have a number of the following symptoms:

To find out whether your child has ADHD, a doctor (usually a psychologist or psychiatrist) will conduct a comprehensive evaluation. It’s possible that a child with ADHD may also have other psychiatric disorders such as conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, or manic-depressive disorder. It is very important to seek a consultation if you suspect ADHD in your child. Without proper treatment, he/she can fall behind emotionally, educationally, and socially. An untreated ADHD child experiences more failures than successes and is criticized by teachers and family who do not recognize his/her easily treatable health problem.

Research clearly demonstrates that medication is helpful, and perhaps a necessity in many situations. Stimulant medication such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and pemoline can improve attention, focus, goal directed behavior, and organizational skills. Other medications such as guanfacine, clonidine, and some antidepressants may also be helpful.

Other treatment approaches may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, parent education, and modifications to the child's education program. Behavioral therapy can help a child control aggression, be fair in relationships, and become more productive. Cognitive therapy can help a child build self esteem, reduce negative thoughts, and improve problem solving skills. Parents can learn management skills such as issuing instructions one step at a time rather than issuing multiple requests at once. Changes in education methods can help with the ADHD symptoms, as well as with any coexisting learning disabilities. A child who has ADHD and is treated appropriately can easily have a productive and successful life. If a child shows symptoms and behaviors like those of ADHD, parents may ask their family doctor or pediatrician for a referral to both a child/adolescent psychologist and psychiatrist, who together can diagnose and treat this medical condition.

- Dr. Diane M. Walker